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Earth and Space Science |
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9-10 Benchmark A |
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Explain how evidence from stars and other celestial objects provide
information about the processes that cause changes in the composition and
scale of the physical universe. |
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Grade 9 Indicator 2. Describe the current scientific evidence that supports
the theory of the explosive expansion of the universe, the Big Bang, over 10
billion years ago. |
*Describe evidence that supports Big Bang |
1 |
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No Grade 10 indicators present for this benchmark. |
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9-10 Benchmark B |
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Explain that many processes occur in patterns within the Earth's systems. |
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Grade 9 Indicator 4. Explain the relationships of the oceans to the
lithosphere and atmosphere (e.g., transfer of energy, ocean currents and
landforms). |
*Understanding relationships of ocean to weather patterns |
1 |
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Grade 10 Indicator 1. Summarize the relationship between the climatic zone
and the resultant biomes. (This includes explaining the nature of the
rainfall and temperature of the mid-latitude climatic zone that supports the
deciduous forest.) |
*Interpreting graphic data.
*Compare and contrast using graphic data
*The relationship of temperature and precipitation and resulting biomes |
3 |
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Grade 10 Indicator 2. Explain climate and weather patterns associated with
certain geographic locations and features (e.g., tornado alley, tropical
hurricanes and lake effect snow). |
*Making inferences from graphic data (about characteristics of biomes). |
1 |
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9-10 Benchmark C |
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Explain the 4.5 billion-year-history of Earth and the 4 billion-year-history
of life on Earth on observable scientific evidence in the geologic record. |
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Grade 9 Indicator 3. Explain that gravitational forces govern the
characteristics and movement patterns of the planets, comets and asteroids
in the solar system. |
*Explain the effect of gravitational force on objects |
1 |
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Grade 10 Indicator 3. Explain how geologic time can be estimated by multiple
methods (e.g., rock sequences, fossil correlation and radiometric dating). |
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Grade 10 Indicator 4. Describe how organisms on Earth contributed to the
dramatic change in oxygen content of Earth's early atmosphere. |
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9-10 Benchmark D |
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Describe the finite nature of Earth's resources and those human activities
that can conserve or deplete Earth's resources. |
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Grade 9 Indicator 5. Explain how the slow movement of material within Earth
results from: |
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a. thermal energy transfer (conduction and convection) from the deep
interior; |
*NAME |
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b. the action of gravitational forces on regions of different density. |
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Grade 10 Indicator 5. Explain how the acquisition and use of resources,
urban growth and waste disposal can accelerate natural change and impact the
quality of life. |
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Grade 10 Indicator 6. Describe ways that human activity can alter
biogeochemical cycles (e.g., carbon and nitrogen cycles) as well as food
webs and energy pyramids (e.g., pest control, legume rotation crops vs.
chemical fertilizers). |
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9-10 Benchmark E |
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Explain the processes that move and shape Earth's surface. |
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Grade 9 Indicator 6. Explain the results of plate tectonic activity (e.g.,
magma generation, igneous intrusion, metamorphism, volcanic action,
earthquakes, faulting and folding). |
*Explain volcanism as a result of plate tectonic activity |
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No Grade 10 indicators present for this benchmark. |
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9-10 Benchmark F |
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Summarize the historical development of scientific theories and ideas, and
describe emerging issues in the study of Earth and space sciences. |
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Grade 9 Indicator 8. Use historical examples to explain how new ideas are
limited by the context in which they are conceived; are often initially
rejected by the scientific establishment; sometimes spring from unexpected
findings; and usually grow slowly through contributions from many different
investigators (e.g., heliocentric theory and plate tectonics theory). |
*Identify data to support plate techtonics. |
1 |
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Grade 10 Indicator 7. Describe advances and issues in Earth and space
science that have important long-lasting effects on science and society
(e.g., geologic time scales, global warming, depletion of resources and
exponential population growth). |
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